Excerpts from Speaking Tree Blog TOI 09 April 2025

It is essential to reflect on how many contemporary socio-economic systems, political ideologies, and even scientific theories echo the timeless wisdom of Mahavir, who lived over 2,600 years ago. Among his most profound contributions is the principle of Anekāntavāda—often translated as “non-absolutism” or the “relativity of perspectives.”

In essence, it underscores the idea that truth is multidimensional, and no single viewpoint can claim to be the absolute truth. Anekantvad is a recognition of complexity and relativity of reality, where each individual’s perception is a partial reflection of the whole and that seemingly contradictory views can coexist, each reflecting an aspect of the ultimate reality. This gave rise to naya (partial viewpoints) and syādvāda (sevenfold predication), philosophical tools for embracing complexity and fostering dialogue.

The key tenets of Anekāntavāda include:

• Multiplicity of truth – Everyone sees the world differently based on their unique perspective, experience & context.
• Non-absolutism – No single perspective can claim absolute authority over truth; all viewpoints offer partial insights.
• Relativity of knowledge – Truth depends on context & perspective, encouraging tolerance and open-mindedness.

In today’s democratic world, anekāntavāda promotes pluralism, respectful disagreement, and peaceful coexistence. It aligns closely with the contemporary notion of ‘agree to disagree’, emphasising mutual respect despite differences. Philosophically, it resonates with Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, which stresses the relative nature of time, space, and observation, highlighting the interconnectedness of all perspectives.

Thus, Mahavir’s doctrine of anekantvad embodies the highest form of liberalism, pluralism, and freedom of expression, promoting a harmonious coexistence of diverse thoughts in a democratic society. This leads the way to Ahimsa – Ahimsa in Jainism is not merely the avoidance of physical violence but extends to a holistic practice of compassion, kindness, and respect toward all living beings and the environment.

As Gandhi said, “No religion has explained ahimsā as deeply and systematically as Jainism.”

Together, anekāntavāda and ahimsā form a holistic worldview—encouraging humility in thought and gentleness in action. In an increasingly polarized world, Mahavir’s ancient insights continue to offer a blueprint for thoughtful coexistence, compassionate ethics, and lasting peace.

*The contents have been modified by additions, deletion & some changes